Butterflies

In Sri Lanka about 245 species of butterflies are found. About 23 of the total species are endemic. Ceylon Birdwing is a famous species of endemic butterfly found in Sri Lanka. This endemic variety is widely found in the Sinharaja Forest Reserve. Some of the species have been marked as endangered species of which Ceylon Rose has been recognized as a critically endangered species. A newly discovered species of butterfly in Sri Lanka is known as Catopsilia Scylla.
Most of the species of butterflies in Sri Lanka is found in the foothill regions at an altitude of about 910 meter. A handful of species of butterflies are also found at an altitude of 1,200 meter. In the dry zones of the low lying area in Sri Lanka, one can spot only a few varieties of butterflies.
The ideal time to spot butterflies in Sri Lanka is during the southwestern monsoon spanning from March to April and during the northeastern monsoon, which spans months of September and October.
Family wise division of butterfly species in Sri Lanka includes Papilionidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Lycaenidae. Some of the popular endemic species of butterflies found in Sri Lanka are Ceylon Palmfly, Ceylon Tree-Nymph, Lesser Albatross, Decorated Ace, Ceylon Hedge Blue, Ceylon Indigo Royal etc.

Sri Lanka Butterflies – A Colorful World of Natural Wonders

Sri Lanka, with its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes, is a paradise for nature enthusiasts and entomologists alike. One of the country's most fascinating attractions is its vibrant butterfly population. With more than 240 species, including endemics and migratory types, Sri Lanka is home to some of the most colorful and unique butterflies in the world. Whether you're a seasoned butterfly watcher or a casual tourist looking to explore the natural beauty of the island, Sri Lanka offers exceptional opportunities for butterfly enthusiasts.

Popular Butterfly Species in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka’s butterflies are a testament to its natural beauty, with species ranging from small, delicate creatures to larger, more majestic varieties. Some of the most commonly observed butterflies on the island include:

• Ceylon Tiger (Parantica lessoni)
  This striking butterfly, known for its black and white striped wings, is one of Sri Lanka's iconic species. It is commonly found in the island’s wet zone, especially in the lowland forests.

• Blue Mormon (Papilio polymnestor)
  A large and beautifully blue butterfly, the Blue Mormon is often seen in gardens and forested areas. This butterfly is particularly striking during its mating displays, which can be observed in several national parks and reserves.

• Sri Lanka Swallowtail (Papilio garamas)
  One of Sri Lanka’s most famous endemic butterflies, the Sri Lanka Swallowtail, features vibrant green and yellow wings, and can be seen fluttering through the tropical forests and tea plantations of the island.

• Common Jezebel (Delias eucharis)
  This butterfly is easily recognized by its bold, colorful wings with yellow, red, and black patterns. It is common across the island and is often found in gardens and forest edges.

• Malabar Tree Nymph (Idea malabarica)
  A large, white butterfly with striking black markings, the Malabar Tree Nymph is often seen in the forests of Sri Lanka. It is one of the largest species of butterfly on the island.

Best Locations for Butterfly Watching in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka offers a range of locations for those looking to spot these amazing creatures. From lush rainforests to coastal areas, here are some of the best places for butterfly enthusiasts:

Sinharaja Forest Reserve
As one of Sri Lanka's most important biodiversity hotspots, Sinharaja is a must-visit for butterfly watchers. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this tropical rainforest harbors many endemic species of butterflies. Walking through the forest, you might encounter species such as the Ceylon Tiger, Blue Mormon, and the Sri Lanka Swallowtail. The best time to visit Sinharaja is during the dry season (from December to March) when butterflies are most active.

Horton Plains National Park
Horton Plains, located in the central highlands of Sri Lanka, offers a cool and moist environment ideal for a variety of butterfly species. Among the prominent butterflies found here is the stunning Sri Lanka Swallowtail. A visit to this national park provides not only the chance to observe butterflies but also to experience breathtaking views of the island’s landscapes, including the famous World’s End.

Kithulgala
Famous for its river and adventure sports, Kithulgala is also a great location for butterfly watching. The area is home to a range of species, including the Malabar Tree Nymph and the Common Jezebel. The forested surroundings, combined with the humid climate, create an ideal environment for butterflies.

Wasgamuwa National Park
Wasgamuwa, located in the central part of Sri Lanka, is another great location for spotting butterflies. This national park offers a mix of dry-zone forests, wetlands, and grasslands, making it home to a wide variety of butterfly species. If you are lucky, you may come across the impressive Sri Lanka Swallowtail fluttering among the trees.

Udawalawe National Park
While Udawalawe is primarily known for its elephants, it is also a prime location for butterfly watching. The park’s open landscapes and forested areas are perfect for observing species like the Common Jezebel and other migratory butterflies. The combination of grasslands and forest gives visitors a chance to observe butterflies in a variety of environments.

Bundala National Park
Located on the southern coast of Sri Lanka, Bundala National Park is renowned for its rich bird life, but it is also home to numerous butterfly species. The park’s wetlands, salt flats, and coastal dunes offer the perfect habitat for butterflies. The best time to visit is during the dry season when butterflies are abundant.

Best Time to Visit Sri Lanka for Butterfly Watching

The best time to visit Sri Lanka for butterfly watching is during the dry season, from November to April. During this period, the weather is ideal for outdoor exploration, and the butterflies are most active. Many of Sri Lanka’s butterflies migrate during this time, so the variety of species is at its peak. The monsoon season (May to September) can make some areas less accessible, but it is still a good time to spot endemic species in protected areas like rainforests.

What to Bring for Butterfly Watching

To ensure a comfortable and successful butterfly watching experience in Sri Lanka, it is important to be prepared. Here are a few essentials to bring along:

• Binoculars
  A good pair of binoculars will help you get a closer look at the butterflies from a distance without disturbing them.

• Camera
  For capturing the beauty of Sri Lanka’s butterflies, a camera with a good zoom lens is recommended. Many butterflies move quickly, so having a camera with a fast shutter speed will help you capture them in action.

• Comfortable Footwear
  You will likely be walking through forests, national parks, and sometimes rugged terrain. Comfortable hiking shoes or sandals are a must for a pleasant experience.

• Insect Repellent
  While you’ll be watching insects, it’s essential to protect yourself from bites. Insect repellent will help keep mosquitoes and other bugs at bay.

• Sun Protection
  Sri Lanka’s tropical climate can be intense, so be sure to bring sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from the sun.

Tips for Butterfly Watching in Sri Lanka

• Be Patient
  Butterflies can be elusive, so patience is key. Spend time in areas where you know butterflies are likely to be found, and wait for them to come into view.

• Respect Nature
  While it can be tempting to approach butterflies closely or touch them, it is essential to respect their space. Avoid disturbing their natural behavior or harming the delicate ecosystems they inhabit.

• Hire a Local Guide
  To get the most out of your butterfly watching experience, consider hiring a local guide. They can help you spot elusive species and provide valuable insights into the habits and habitats of Sri Lanka’s butterflies.