Kumana National Park

Kumana National Park covers an area of about 18, 149 hectare of land. It is located in the south-east part of Sri Lanka. This bird sanctuary is an attraction for bird watchers. This national park was previously known as the Yala East National Park and it came to be known by its present name from September 5, 2006. The park was reopened in March 2003 after it was closed since 1985 due to Civil War in Sri Lanka.
There is a swamp lake of about 200 hectare known as Kumana Villu in Kumana National Park. During the months of May and June numerous species of water birds nest around the swampy area.
At Kumana National Park, birds like herons, egrets, white ibis, spoonbills, painted storks and pelicans can be easily spotted in Kumana National Park. Very rare species of black necked storks, great thick knee, Eurasian spoonbill etc are also found in this national park of Sri Lanka. The fauna of Kumana National Park is mainly of mangrove variety. Kumbuk trees and karan fern trees also grow in this region.
In Kumana National Park different varieties of animals like wild boar, elephant, European otter, golden jackal and fishing cat are found. Indian black turtle, flap shelled turtle, mugger crocodile can be also seen here.

Exploring Kumana National Park: A Birdwatcher's Paradise

Nestled in the southeastern corner of Sri Lanka, Kumana National Park is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts, particularly birdwatchers. The park, often referred to as the "Yala East," is located near the famous Yala National Park but remains less crowded, offering a more tranquil experience for visitors. Kumana is a unique blend of diverse ecosystems, including wetlands, forests, and coastal lagoons, making it a rich habitat for both resident and migratory species.

With its abundant birdlife, rich biodiversity, and stunning landscapes, Kumana National Park provides an excellent opportunity for those looking to connect with nature and explore Sri Lanka’s untouched wilderness. In this article, we delve into what makes Kumana National Park a must-visit destination and offer insights into the attractions and experiences that await visitors.

A Glimpse of Kumana National Park

Kumana National Park spans over 36,000 hectares and is part of the larger Yala Protected Area. The park is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the southeast, offering visitors a picturesque coastal experience combined with diverse wildlife sightings. The landscape of Kumana is characterized by a mix of freshwater marshes, lagoons, scrublands, and dry-zone forests, creating a vibrant ecosystem that supports a variety of flora and fauna.

Kumana is best known for its remarkable birdlife. The park’s wetlands, in particular, attract a large number of migratory birds during the northern winter months, making it one of the top birdwatching destinations in Sri Lanka. It is also home to several species of reptiles, mammals, and marine life, which further add to its appeal for nature lovers.

Key Attractions and Wildlife in Kumana National Park

Kumana National Park is famous for its birdwatching opportunities, but it is also home to an impressive array of other wildlife. Whether you’re an avid birder, a wildlife photographer, or simply a nature enthusiast, there is plenty to discover.

1. Birdwatching in Kumana

Kumana is considered one of the top birdwatching destinations in Sri Lanka. The park is home to over 200 species of birds, including both resident and migratory species. The Kumana Lagoon, the main attraction of the park, is a vital stopover for migratory birds on their journey from the northern hemisphere. The park attracts a wide range of waterfowl, waders, and shorebirds.

Some of the key bird species to watch out for include:

• Sri Lanka Junglefowl: The national bird of Sri Lanka, known for its striking appearance and vibrant plumage.
• Painted Stork: These large, colorful birds are often seen nesting in the park's trees.
• Spot-billed Pelican: The pelican is commonly seen in the park’s wetlands and lagoons.
• White-bellied Sea Eagle: A majestic bird of prey that can often be spotted gliding above the water or perched near the lagoons.
• Lesser Adjutant Stork: A globally threatened species often found in the marshes and wetlands of Kumana.

In addition to these, the park is home to many species of kingfishers, herons, and migratory ducks. Birdwatching tours in Kumana are ideal during the migratory season, from November to April, when the bird population peaks.

2. Mammals and Other Wildlife

While Kumana is predominantly known for its avian inhabitants, the park is also home to a wide variety of mammals. The Yala East ecosystem supports several large mammals such as:

• Sri Lankan Elephants: The park is home to herds of elephants that roam freely through the park’s forests and grasslands. Visitors may be lucky enough to see them foraging near waterholes or moving across the open plains.
• Leopards: Though Kumana is not as famous for leopard sightings as its western counterpart, Yala National Park, leopards do inhabit the area and can sometimes be spotted in the more remote parts of the park.
• Sloth Bears: These elusive creatures can be found in the park, though sightings are rare.
• Crocodiles: The park’s freshwater lagoons are home to both saltwater and freshwater crocodiles, adding an element of excitement for visitors on boat rides.
• Wild Boar and Deer: Sambar deer and spotted deer are commonly seen in Kumana, along with wild boar that root around in the undergrowth.

Smaller animals such as mongoose, wild buffaloes, and several species of monkeys can also be found in the park. Additionally, reptiles like monitor lizards and turtles are common in the wetland areas.

3. Kumana Lagoon

The Kumana Lagoon is the heart of the park and the main attraction for wildlife enthusiasts. This vast lagoon is surrounded by dense vegetation and mudflats, providing the perfect habitat for various species of birds, especially during the dry season when water sources are scarce. The lagoon’s still waters reflect the surrounding forests, creating a tranquil atmosphere that attracts visitors seeking peace and natural beauty.

The lagoon also plays a crucial role in the park’s ecosystem, providing a breeding ground for numerous fish species and serving as a resting place for migratory birds. A boat ride through the lagoon allows visitors to get closer to the birds and other wildlife, offering an unparalleled opportunity to observe the animals in their natural environment.

4. Coastal Beauty

Kumana National Park’s proximity to the Indian Ocean provides a unique coastal experience. The park’s southern boundary is marked by pristine beaches and stretches of coastline that are relatively untouched by human development. These coastal areas provide a safe haven for marine life, including turtles that come ashore to lay their eggs. Visitors may be fortunate enough to witness the nesting of sea turtles during the nesting season, which typically runs from October to January.

The coastal regions of the park also offer stunning views of the ocean, and visitors can enjoy scenic walks along the beach or boat rides along the coast, exploring the region’s natural beauty.

Popular Itineraries for Exploring Kumana National Park

Kumana National Park is best explored through guided safaris, which offer a deeper understanding of the park’s ecosystems and wildlife. Here are some suggested itineraries for those planning a visit to the park:

One-Day Itinerary

• Morning: Begin your visit with an early morning safari to catch the wildlife in their most active state. The cool early hours are the best time for spotting leopards, elephants, and a variety of birds. Make sure to stop by the Kumana Lagoon for birdwatching.
• Midday: Enjoy a packed lunch or meal at a nearby eco-lodge. Spend the midday hours relaxing and observing the park’s flora and fauna from the comfort of a lookout.
• Afternoon: Continue your safari in the afternoon. The park’s open plains and coastal areas offer excellent opportunities to spot wildlife as they emerge to drink from the waterholes.
• Evening: Return to your accommodation, reflecting on your day of exploration, or continue to relax by the coast for a beautiful sunset.

Two-Day Itinerary

• Day 1: Begin with a morning safari to explore the park’s diverse habitats. After a lunch break, take an afternoon boat ride through the Kumana Lagoon for birdwatching.
• Day 2: Head out early for a longer safari that covers both the wetlands and coastal areas of the park. End the day with a visit to the nearby coastal region to enjoy the beach.

Three-Day Itinerary

• Day 1: Start your visit with a full-day safari that explores the various landscapes of Kumana. Visit the Kumana Lagoon and the park’s freshwater lakes.
• Day 2: Dedicate a day to birdwatching. Visit different parts of the park at different times of the day to catch glimpses of migratory birds. You can also take a boat ride along the coast to explore the marine life.
• Day 3: Take a final safari in the morning and enjoy a relaxing afternoon at the beach, soaking in the coastal beauty of Kumana.

Practical Tips for Visiting Kumana National Park

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Kumana is during the dry season, from March to October, when wildlife is concentrated around the park’s water sources. The migratory bird season, from November to April, offers peak birdwatching opportunities.
• Guided Safaris: It is highly recommended to go on a guided safari with an experienced park ranger. They will help spot wildlife, especially elusive species like leopards, and provide valuable insights into the park’s ecosystems.
• Clothing and Essentials: Wear lightweight, neutral-colored clothing that blends into the environment. It is also important to carry sunscreen, a hat, and insect repellent. Don’t forget to bring a camera for capturing the breathtaking landscapes and wildlife.
• Stay Hydrated: Kumana can get quite hot during the day, so bring plenty of water and stay hydrated while exploring.

Conclusion

Kumana National Park is a hidden gem in Sri Lanka, offering visitors an unparalleled experience to witness the country’s rich biodiversity. Whether you’re a seasoned birdwatcher or someone who simply enjoys immersing themselves in nature, Kumana provides the perfect setting to connect with the wild. Its stunning landscapes, abundant wildlife, and peaceful atmosphere make it one of Sri Lanka’s most cherished wildlife destinations.