Wilpattu National Park

Wilpattu National Park is a popular eco tourism destination in Sri Lanka. It is situated about 180 Km away from Colombo city. From Anuradhapura it is only a distance of 30 Km. This park is considered to be the largest national park in this country. Wilpattu National Park occupies about 425 sq Km of area. On the west, the national park is bordered by the Indian Ocean. To its north is Kala Oya and to the south, the Wilpattu National Park is bordered by Modaragam.
In Wilpattu National Park, a number of wild species are found. There are about 31 species of mammals those are found in Wilpattu National Park. The commonly found reptiles in the Wilpattu National Park are common cobra, mugger crocodile, rat snake etc. Star tortoises, soft shelled turtles and pond turtles are also found in this national park. Many species of birds like whistling teal, spoonbill, large white egret, pin tail, white ibis, purple heron etc are seen here.
In Wilpattu National Park mainly salt grass, low scrub and monsoon forests are found. This national park is spotted with innumerable lakes. About 60 lakes have formed across the entire Wilpattu National Park. This area receives about 1000 mm of rain annually and the average annual temperature is about 27.2 Celsius.

Exploring Wilpattu National Park: Sri Lanka’s Untamed Wilderness

Located on the northwest coast of Sri Lanka, Wilpattu National Park is one of the oldest and largest national parks on the island. Known for its pristine landscapes, diverse wildlife, and serene surroundings, Wilpattu offers a unique experience for those seeking to explore Sri Lanka’s natural beauty away from the bustling crowds. The park’s name, “Wilpattu,” translates to “land of lakes,” due to the numerous natural water reservoirs, or “villus,” scattered across the park’s landscape. With its rich biodiversity and spectacular terrain, Wilpattu is a must-visit for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers.

Wilpattu’s Rich Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Wilpattu National Park spans over 1,300 square kilometers, making it one of Sri Lanka’s largest protected areas. It is home to a wide variety of ecosystems, from dry forests and grassy plains to wetlands and lagoons. This mix of habitats provides an ideal environment for an abundance of wildlife, ranging from large mammals to smaller creatures and a diverse array of bird species.

The park is a haven for several species of animals, including Sri Lankan leopards, elephants, sloth bears, crocodiles, and a variety of primates. Birdwatchers will also find Wilpattu to be a paradise, with over 200 bird species, both migratory and resident, calling the park home.

The Thrill of Leopard Sightings

One of the main attractions of Wilpattu National Park is its population of Sri Lankan leopards. These elusive creatures are one of the park’s most sought-after residents. While leopards can be difficult to spot due to their stealthy nature and the dense foliage, Wilpattu is known for offering better leopard sightings than many other parks in Sri Lanka. The park’s relatively low visitor density and extensive wilderness make it a prime location for those hoping to see this magnificent predator.

Leopards in Wilpattu are often spotted during early morning or late afternoon safaris when they are most active. They can be seen lounging on tree branches, hunting, or simply walking through the dense forest. A leopard sighting in Wilpattu is a thrilling experience, and many visitors leave with memories of these majestic creatures.

Wildlife and Nature Attractions in Wilpattu National Park

1. Wildlife Safaris

A visit to Wilpattu is best experienced through a guided safari. The park offers various safari options, ranging from half-day to full-day excursions. The safaris take visitors deep into the heart of the park, allowing them to explore different habitats and encounter a wide variety of wildlife. Jeep safaris are the most popular way to navigate the park, as they provide excellent views of the animals and allow for easier access to the park’s remote areas.

During a safari in Wilpattu, visitors can expect to see a range of animals, including herds of Sri Lankan elephants, crocodiles basking in the sun by the waterholes, and the elusive sloth bear. Various species of monkeys, such as the toque macaque and the grey langur, are often seen in the trees or along the roads. The park is also home to a large number of deer, including spotted deer and sambar, as well as wild boars and water buffaloes.

2. Birdwatching in Wilpattu

For bird lovers, Wilpattu National Park is a treasure trove of avian species. The park is home to over 200 species of birds, including several endemic species. Some of the most notable birds to be seen include the Sri Lankan junglefowl, Ceylon grey hornbill, and the red-faced malkoha. During the migratory season, a variety of waterfowl and waders can also be spotted in the park’s lakes and lagoons.

Wilpattu’s diverse landscapes, including wetlands, forests, and scrublands, offer a wide range of habitats for birds. Birdwatching tours in the park allow enthusiasts to observe and photograph these beautiful creatures while learning more about their behavior and ecology.

3. The Villus: Natural Water Reservoirs

One of the park’s most distinctive features is its “villus,” natural, shallow lakes that are scattered throughout Wilpattu. These water reservoirs attract a wide range of animals, particularly during the dry season when other water sources are scarce. The villus provide a perfect setting for wildlife observation, as many animals, including elephants, deer, and birds, come to drink from the lakes.

The villus also add to the park’s scenic beauty, providing a peaceful and tranquil environment for visitors. These waterholes are often surrounded by lush vegetation, creating picturesque landscapes. During a safari, visitors can enjoy stopping at these villus for a rest and to observe wildlife from a safe distance.

4. The Rich Flora of Wilpattu

Wilpattu National Park is home to a diverse range of plant life, from dense forests to open plains. The park’s vegetation includes a mix of dry zone tropical forests, scrublands, and wetlands. The forested areas are dominated by species such as the towering palu tree, which provides a great deal of shade, as well as various shrubs, creepers, and grasses.

The flora of Wilpattu supports its wide range of fauna by providing shelter, food, and water. The park’s vegetation is particularly important for herbivores like elephants and deer, which graze on the grasses and shrubs. The dry zone forest is also a significant habitat for leopards, as the dense undergrowth offers them perfect cover.

5. The Importance of Wilpattu’s Conservation Efforts

Wilpattu National Park is part of Sri Lanka’s effort to conserve its unique biodiversity. The park has been designated as a protected area, and conservationists work tirelessly to ensure the survival of endangered species, including the Sri Lankan leopard and the sloth bear. In recent years, the Sri Lankan government and various wildlife organizations have increased their focus on protecting Wilpattu from illegal poaching and habitat destruction.

Tourism also plays a role in the park’s conservation efforts. Responsible tourism can help raise awareness about the importance of wildlife protection and generate revenue for the park’s upkeep. Visitors are encouraged to respect the park’s rules and regulations, such as keeping a safe distance from animals and refraining from disturbing the natural environment.

Popular Itineraries for Visiting Wilpattu National Park

Wilpattu National Park is typically explored through safari tours, but visitors can also combine their trip to the park with visits to nearby attractions. Here are a few itineraries to consider when planning your trip to Wilpattu.

One-Day Itinerary

• Morning: Arrive early at the park entrance for a morning safari. Morning safaris are the best time for animal activity, and visitors have a higher chance of spotting leopards, elephants, and other wildlife.
• Midday: After the morning safari, take a break at one of the nearby accommodations for a hearty meal or packed lunch.
• Afternoon: Head out for an afternoon safari, which is another prime time for animal sightings. Explore different parts of the park and stop by some of the villus to observe the wildlife gathered around the water sources.
• Evening: After the safari, return to your accommodation for dinner and relaxation.

Two-Day Itinerary

• Day 1: Arrive at Wilpattu and embark on a full-day safari through the park. Explore the different regions of the park, from the dry forest areas to the villus. Take time to stop at the waterholes to observe animals such as elephants and crocodiles.
• Day 2: Begin the day with an early morning safari, then visit the nearby city of Anuradhapura to explore its ancient temples and historical sites. Return to Wilpattu in the afternoon for another safari before concluding your trip.

Three-Day Itinerary

• Day 1: Begin with a full-day safari in Wilpattu, exploring its diverse habitats and spotting wildlife.
• Day 2: Take a morning safari in Wilpattu, followed by a visit to the ancient city of Anuradhapura for a cultural experience. Explore the ancient temples, stupas, and historical ruins.
• Day 3: Visit the nearby Mannar Island to explore its coastal beauty, or continue your safari adventures in Wilpattu with another day of wildlife viewing.

Practical Tips for Visiting Wilpattu National Park

• Book Your Safari in Advance: Wilpattu is a popular destination, and it’s advisable to book your safari tours in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.
• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Wilpattu is during the dry season, from March to October, when the wildlife is concentrated around the water sources. However, the park is open year-round.
• Safari Guidelines: Always follow the guidance of your safari driver and park ranger. Maintain a safe distance from animals, especially leopards, and refrain from disturbing the wildlife.
• Stay Hydrated: The climate in Wilpattu can be hot and dry, so be sure to carry plenty of water, wear appropriate clothing, and apply sunscreen.

Conclusion

Wilpattu National Park is one of Sri Lanka’s most beautiful and diverse wildlife destinations. With its varied ecosystems, abundant wildlife, and serene atmosphere, it offers an unparalleled safari experience. Whether you're hoping to spot leopards, observe elephants, or simply enjoy the beauty of nature, Wilpattu provides an unforgettable opportunity to connect with the wilderness. Its combination of biodiversity, history, and natural beauty makes it a must-visit destination for any traveler to Sri Lanka.