Jaffna

The city of Jaffna is also known as Yazhpanam. In Tamil dialect, this city was initially known as Yaalpaanam. At present, the Sinhalese refer to Jaffna as Yapanaya. The ports of this city were once part of the ancient silk route. Reference to this city is found in Marco Polo's travel related documents.
Historical facts about the city of Jaffna are found in Chulavamsa, Mahavamsa, Kailaya Malai, Vaipava Malai and some other books. This city has a written history spanning for about 2000 years. At several point of time, different colonial power took over the city of Jaffna. The Portuguese took control of the city in 1621. In later years this city was also invaded by Dutch rulers. Jaffna also witnessed the rule of British colonizers. It came under British dominance from 1798.
This Sri Lankan city is mainly resided by Tamils. Small communities of Portuguese Burghers and Moors have also settled here. In the 1990s due to an ethnic conflict the Moors or the Muslims has to leave Jaffna. Majority of the population of Jaffna speak Sri Lankan Tamil language. English is also widely spoken here.
In Jaffna, there are a number of tourist attractions. The temples located in this city are popular to both devotees and tourists. One can visit the Nagapoosani Temple, Selva Sannithi Temple, Nallur Temple and the Madhu Church.

Jaffna: Sri Lanka’s Northern Gem of Culture, History, and Natural Beauty

Jaffna, the cultural and spiritual heart of Sri Lanka’s Tamil community, is a city rich in heritage, resilience, and distinctive beauty. Located in the northern part of the island, Jaffna is known for its unique blend of historic sites, colorful Hindu temples, beautiful coastal scenery, and vibrant local culture. Having emerged from years of civil conflict, Jaffna today stands as a testament to renewal and perseverance, welcoming travelers with open arms.

Whether you’re exploring the ancient Jaffna Fort, walking through lively markets, or enjoying the serene beauty of its lagoons and islands, Jaffna offers experiences that feel both traditional and distinctly Sri Lankan. Here’s a guide to uncovering the best of Jaffna, from its top attractions to local itineraries and unforgettable ground-level experiences.

Top Attractions in Jaffna

1. Jaffna Fort – A Landmark of Colonial History

Jaffna Fort, originally built by the Portuguese in 1618 and later expanded by the Dutch, stands as an iconic historical site in the region. The fort’s walls offer panoramic views of the lagoon and town, and its architecture reflects the colonial legacy and the various foreign influences that shaped Jaffna over the centuries.

Ground-Level Experience: Explore the inner and outer ramparts, take in the views of the surrounding waters, and spend time photographing this blend of Portuguese, Dutch, and British architectural styles. Guided tours are available, and a visit during sunset offers a beautiful perspective of the fort’s grandeur.

2. Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil – The Spiritual Heart of Jaffna

The Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil is one of the most important Hindu temples in Sri Lanka, dedicated to Lord Murugan. Known for its stunning Dravidian architecture, the temple’s vibrant festivals and intricate rituals attract devotees and visitors alike. The temple complex, adorned with golden towers and colorful gopurams, provides a spiritual and architectural highlight in Jaffna.

Ground-Level Experience: Attend the temple’s daily poojas (prayer ceremonies), which offer an immersive experience of Hindu traditions. If you’re visiting in August, don’t miss the grand Nallur Festival, a 25-day celebration filled with processions, music, and ceremonies.

3. Jaffna Public Library – A Symbol of Resilience and Knowledge

Once one of Asia’s most well-regarded libraries, the Jaffna Public Library holds a special place in the hearts of the local community. Although the original library was burned down in the 1980s, it has been meticulously rebuilt and restored. The library stands as a poignant reminder of the region’s turbulent past and a symbol of resilience.

Ground-Level Experience: Walk through the halls and take in the library’s beautiful neoclassical architecture. Spend some time reading or engaging with locals who often gather here, discussing history and sharing stories.

4. Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya and Nagapooshani Amman Temple – Jaffna’s Island Pilgrimages

Located on the islet of Nainativu, Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya and Nagapooshani Amman Temple are two significant religious sites. The Buddhist temple, believed to have been visited by the Buddha, attracts Buddhist pilgrims, while the nearby Hindu temple is known for its beautiful Dravidian architecture and deep spiritual significance to Tamil Hindus.

Ground-Level Experience: Take a scenic boat ride to Nainativu Island, visit both temples, and witness the religious harmony that characterizes this area. The journey is picturesque, with views of the Jaffna Lagoon, adding to the spiritual aura of these sites.

5. Casuarina Beach – A Quiet Coastal Escape

Casuarina Beach, located on the Karainagar Island, is renowned for its calm, shallow waters and soft sands. Known as one of Sri Lanka’s best beaches for safe swimming, it’s a great spot to unwind and enjoy the pristine coastal scenery.

Ground-Level Experience: Spend a day relaxing on the beach, enjoy a leisurely swim, and interact with local vendors selling seafood and refreshments. The tranquility of Casuarina Beach is ideal for a quiet day trip or a relaxed beach picnic.

6. Keerimalai Springs – Healing Waters with a View

Keerimalai is famous for its natural freshwater springs, which are said to have therapeutic properties. Located near a Hindu temple, these springs are believed to have healing powers, attracting visitors seeking both wellness and relaxation.

Ground-Level Experience: Take a dip in the gender-segregated pools and enjoy the refreshing waters while taking in views of the ocean. The nearby Keerimalai Naguleswaram Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is also worth visiting.

Popular Itineraries for Exploring Jaffna

For travelers visiting Jaffna, these itineraries offer a way to see the best of the region at your own pace:

1. The One-Day Jaffna Heritage Tour

If you have limited time, this one-day itinerary provides a comprehensive overview of Jaffna’s key cultural and historical sites.

Morning: Begin at Jaffna Fort and explore the colonial architecture. Then head to the Jaffna Public Library.
Afternoon: Visit the Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil and spend time appreciating its architecture and atmosphere.
Evening: Relax at Casuarina Beach or visit the bustling Jaffna market for local snacks and souvenirs.

2. The Spiritual and Scenic Jaffna Experience (2 Days)

With two days, you can enjoy both the spiritual and natural attractions of Jaffna, including a day trip to the islands.

Day 1: Visit Jaffna Fort and Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil. In the evening, spend time at Keerimalai Springs.
Day 2: Take a boat to Nainativu Island to see the Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya and Nagapooshani Amman Temple. Relax on Casuarina Beach afterward.

3. The Jaffna Cultural and Culinary Adventure (3 Days)

With three days, immerse yourself in Jaffna’s rich culture and unique flavors.

Day 1: Explore Jaffna Fort, Nallur Kovil, and the Jaffna Public Library.
Day 2: Spend the day visiting Keerimalai Springs, Casuarina Beach, and the Naguleswaram Temple.
Day 3: Go on a food tour of Jaffna, sampling local delicacies such as crab curry, kool (a spicy seafood broth), and palmyra-based sweets.

Ground-Level Experiences and Local Flavors

Jaffna’s culture is deeply rooted in Tamil traditions, and exploring the local food, art, and festivals will add a new dimension to your journey:

Local Food Specialties

Jaffna Crab Curry: A must-try, Jaffna’s crab curry is known for its spicy, bold flavors and fresh ingredients.
Kool: A local seafood broth made with various types of shellfish, vegetables, and palmyra root, showcasing traditional Tamil culinary techniques.
Palmyra Products: Derived from the local palmyra palm, these include sweet treats, beverages, and jaggery, a type of palm sugar.

Exploring Jaffna Market

The Jaffna Market is a vibrant place to experience local life and pick up unique souvenirs. From spices and handicrafts to traditional clothing and accessories, the market offers an array of local goods. It’s also a great place to try fresh produce and snacks.

Island-Hopping Around Jaffna

The Jaffna Peninsula is surrounded by a series of small islands, each with its own distinct charm. Island-hopping is a great way to see more of the region’s natural beauty and cultural sites:

Nainativu Island: Home to Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya and Nagapooshani Amman Temple, it’s a spiritual and scenic destination.
Delft Island: Known for its wild horses, coral structures, and Dutch forts, Delft Island provides a glimpse into the colonial history and rural life of Jaffna’s islands.

Festivals and Events in Jaffna

Nallur Festival: The largest Hindu festival in the region, held in August at the Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil, involves grand processions, music, and traditional performances.
Thai Pongal: Celebrated in January, this harvest festival is marked by colorful rituals, delicious food, and joyous gatherings.
Diwali: Known as the Festival of Lights, Diwali is celebrated with grandeur, where temples and homes are decorated with oil lamps, and fireworks light up the sky.

Practical Tips for Visiting Jaffna

Getting Around: Jaffna’s attractions are best explored by bicycle or tuk-tuk, both of which are readily available for rent. Jaffna’s relaxed pace and compact layout make it easy to get around.
Respecting Local Customs: Many of Jaffna’s attractions are religious sites, so dress modestly and be respectful of local customs, especially when visiting temples.
Climate and Best Time to Visit: Jaffna has a hot, dry climate with temperatures typically ranging between 27-35°C. The best time to visit is from November to April when temperatures are more moderate.